En el vórtice del tiempo -- La digestión del conocimiento -- De la noble virtud -- Retrodicción del futuro -- Taki Onqoy -- Guernica -- Máximas e interludios -- De retorno al crepúsculo -- Bitácora.

The Coronavirus Covid 19 pandemic has produced terrible effects in the world economy and is shaking social and political stability around the world. The world of sport has obviously been severely affected by the pandemic, as authorities progressively canceled all level of competitions, including the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo. In Spain, the initial government-lockdown closed the Sports High-performance Centers, and many other sports facilities. In order to support athlete's health and performance at crises like these, an online questionnaire named (...) RECOVID-19, was designed to assess how athletes were living their lives during such periods of home confinement. The main purpose of the questionnaire was to assess the impact of prolongued confinement on athlete's psychological, emotional, and behavioral performance. One thousand, two hundred forty-eight athletes participated in the survey. They had the fllowing characteristics:, who compete at National and International level. Results showed that during the confinement period, those athletes who lacked motivation reported a higher level of stressful thoughts, more behavioral problems, and greater emotional upheaval. However, those athletes who accepted confinement measures as necessary, and were in favor of respecting the rules of social isolation, fostered positive emotional states such as feelings of friendship. In addition, the availability of some sport equipment together with the ability to continue some training, were protective factors against emotional stress, lack of motivation and behavioral problems; and they were associated with greater respect for, and adherence to, confinement rules. Gender differences, tested by multigroup analysis, revealed that coping activities were more often associated to negative emotional states among women, whereas the ongoing availability of training information and future conditions were equally protective factors for both genders. This study also showed that receiving coaching, support and completing frequent training routines seem to be valuable tools to prevent or reduce some of the harmful effects of isolation on athlete's emotional well-being. The conclusions derived from this research would possibly help sport authorities to design supporting policies and plans to support athletes and trainers in future disruptive health crises. (shrink)

This book shows how the current reform in investment regulation is part of a broader attempt to transform the international economic order. Countries in the North and South are currently rethinking how economic order should be constituted in order to advance their national interests and preferred economic orientation. While some countries in the North seek to create alternative institutional spaces in order to promote neoliberal policies more effectively, some countries in the South are increasingly skeptical of this version of economic (...) order and are experimenting with alternative versions of legal ordering that do not always sit well with mainstream versions promoted by the North. While we recognize that there are differences in approaches to the investment regimes proposed by countries in the South, we identify commonalities that could function as the founding pillars of an alternative economic order. (shrink)

What is the relationship between foreign policy, electoral campaigns, and public opinion? This work analyzes the electoral campaigns in Colombia in 2018 (Iván Duque) and 2022 (Gustavo Petro). The profiles of the candidates and their programmatic agendas are analyzed, identifying the continuity of issues associated with peace, security, borders, and the complex relationship with Venezuela. Despite the above, there was a turn to the left that shows changes in the preferences of Colombian public opinion.

The paper provides a qualified defence of Bruce Waller’s deductivist schema for a priori analogical arguments in ethics and law. One crucial qualification is that the schema represents analogical arguments as complexes composed of one deductive inference but also of one non-deductive subargument. Another important qualification is that the schema is informed by normative assumptions regarding the conditions that an analogical argument must satisfy in order for it to count as an optimal instance of its kind. Waller’s schema is defended (...) from criticisms formulated by Trudy Govier, Marcello Guarini and Lilian Bermejo-Luque. (shrink)

We report a solution to an open problem regarding the axiomatization of the convex hull of a type of nonclassical evaluations. We then investigate the meaning of this result for the larger context of the relation between rational credence functions and nonclassical probability. We claim that the notions of bets and Dutch Books typically employed in formal epistemology are of doubtful use outside the realm of classical logic, eventually proposing two novel ways of understanding Dutch Books in nonclassical settings.

In this paper we study the interaction between symmetric logic and probability. In particular, we axiomatize the convex hull of the set of evaluations of symmetric logic, yielding the notion of probability in symmetric logic. This answers an open problem of Williams ( 2016 ) and Paris ( 2001 ).

In this paper I focus on the question of whether nanotechnology is giving rise to new ethical problems rather than merely to new instances of old ethical problems. Firstly, I demonstrate how important it is to make a general distinction between new ethical problems and new instances of old problems. Secondly, I propose one possible way of interpreting the distinction and offer a definition of a “new ethical problem”. Thirdly, I examine whether there is good reason to claim that nanotechnology (...) is giving or will give rise to new ethical problems. My conclusion is that there are no new ethical problems in nanotechnology but merely new occurrences of certain well-known types of ethical problems. Fourthly, I consider three arguments by van de Poel (NanoEthics 2:25–28, 2008) which contradict my conclusion. I argue that my negative conclusion is consistent with the claim that certain ethical issues arising in nanotechnology may require new normative standards or new analytical tools. I conclude that it is likely that a number of ethical issues arising in nanotechnology will have a considerable impact on our ethical theories and values – and that ethical reflection on nanotechnology will be one of the mother lodes of future ethical research – in spite of the fact that no ethical problem in nanoethics will actually be “new”. (shrink)

Before processual analyses of the activities of Iinguistic emission and reception are performed, a modicum of elaboration of the notions and technical devices previously suggested is necessary. First, theoretical resources previously developed are revised in two different fashions: some require to be elaborated in higher detail, while in other cases what is needed is to remove, at least in part, some restrictions initially laid down for simplification purposes. Then some notional clarifications and new specific distinctions a.nd notions are suggested for (...) the study of emission, since the fact that this kind of linguistic performance is all but ignored in traditional (psychological) Pragmatics calls for an attempt to dispel some confusions originating in such a virtual neglect, and, on the other hand, for creation of a suitable array of such theoretical tools. (shrink)

By introducing the possibility of producing meat either from plants or from animal stem cells, technological innovations have opened the door to considering meat as an artefactual object, defined by the functions it is designed to perform. Under this interpretation, plant-based and cultivated meat would be regarded as full-fledged meat. By analysing the notion of artefactuality, this paper reviews the main definitions of “artefact” and evaluates whether meat meets these criteria. It then examines whether a functional account of meat aligns (...) with the development of functions in the philosophy of artefacts. Ultimately, the paper concludes that, like certain other food categories, “meat” is well suited to be interpreted as a functional concept apt to incorporate novel instances. (shrink)

Although the presumption that norms are necessarily expressed by words has traditionally prevailed in the scientific community, some scholars are challenging verbal-centrism in the normative domain. While sympathising with this cause, this paper argues that not every case in which a norm is expressible by a non-verbal sign is a case in which that norm is genetically or ontologically word-free. After mapping the different relations that can exist between a sign and a norm, the paper shows that the holding of (...) many of them should not be taken per se as evidence for the thesis that some norms are genetically or ontologically word-independent, no matter that the sign is non-verbal. In particular, the paper analyses why some eminent examples of normative non-verbal signs like red traffic lights, traffic warden’s outstretched arms, referee’s whistles, and word-free no smoking signs, are not good evidence for the claim that some norms are not produced by or do not consist of verbal signs. (shrink)

This book argues that politics must align with the promotion of self-actualization. Combining private property rights with an ethics of responsibility and drawing from the ideas of Immanuel Kant, the book opens the doors to a nonpartisan analysis of income inequality, inheritance, race relations, abortion and governance.

En un momento de tensión y polémica por la situación que tiene la enseñanza de la filosofía dentro de la l. o. g. s. e., es útil hacer una reflexión comparativa con el modo en el que se esta dando respuesta a la didáctica de la filosofía en otro país europeo, en Italia.

No presente artigo, procuramos mostrar, por intermédio de numerosos exemplos, que a distinção lógica operada por Pierre Duhem entre a física e a metafísica não impossibilita que, do ponto de vista histórico, o autor reconheça a existência de um entrosamento profícuo a cingir as duas áreas do saber. Distinguimos três níveis possíveis de interação entre a física e a metafísica, porque acreditamos que ele aceita (a) que o físico trabalha constantemente movido por ambições metafísicas não autorizadas pela rigorosa lógica, (b) (...) que os sistemas metafísicos contribuíram para muitos dos progressos das teorias físicas, em especial, para o nascimento da ciência moderna e (c) que podemos identificar tradições metafísicas de pesquisa duradouras que se mostraram mais férteis do que algumas tradições positivas. In this article, we aim to show, by means of several examples, that Pierre Duhem's logical distinction operated by Pierre Duhem between physics and metaphysics does not prevent him, from a historical perspective, recognizing that there can be a fruitful interplay between the two fields of knowledge. We distinguish three possible levels of interaction that we believe Duhem accepts between physics and metaphysics: (a) that the physicist works constantly moved by metaphysical ambitions not authorized by rigorous logic; (b) that the metaphysical systems have contributed to the progress of many physical theories and, especially, to the birth of modern science, and; (c) that we can identify long-lasting metaphysical traditions of research which have shown themselves to be more fertile than the positivist traditions. (shrink)

Partiendo de la hermenéutica metódica de Schleiemacher y de la tipología de las concepciones del mundo de Dilthey, se reflexiona, sobre todo en compañía de Paul Ricoeur, acerca del método mas adecuado de comprender e interpretar las obras filosóficas.

Neste artigo interpreta-se a Rechtslehre kantiana enquanto uma doutrina jurídica crítica, compreensível à luz do projeto crítico – iniciado em Kritik der reinen Vernunft e adaptado ao campo prático em Kritik der praktischen Vernunft . Em particular, objetiva-se destacar, além da aprioridade, do caráter sistemático e da busca pela completude dos princípios jurídicos, o emprego da teoria de solubilidade de problemas da razáo em geral nos "prolegômenos" da Rechtslehre . O estudo desta parte introdutória se justifica por apresentar a divisáo (...) suprema do sistema segundo princípios, donde se deriva uma divisáo da doutrina do direito, que determina o objeto ( Gegenstand ) e, por conseguinte, o campo dessa ciência particular e a discussáo do procedimento de pesquisa. Tal moldura a priori da doutrina do direito é o fundamento da sequente teoria kantiana do direito privado e do direito público. Num quadro maior, esse artigo pode ser compreendido enquanto uma renúncia à leitura de que a Rechtslehr e kantiana náo cumpre com as exigências da filosofia crítica – formulada por Hermann Cohen ( Ethik des reinen Willens , 1904) e detalhada por Christian Ritter ( Der Rechtsgedanke Kants nach den frühen Quellen , 1971). (shrink)

Cet article a pour objectif de mettre en évidence l’unité qui sous-tend les travaux de Pierre-Yves Raccah relevant des champs divers tels que théorie de l’argumentation, éthique, épistémologies générale et morale, philosophie des sciences et sciences cognitives. Dans un premier temps, appuyé sur sa conception argumentative de la justification, je montrerai que son antifondationnalisme moral est une conséquence directe de la prise en compte de la reponsabilité en éthique et tout particulièrement de l’exigence relative à la méta-éthique : les êtres (...) humains sont totalement responsables de leurs positions morales aussi bien que des actions exécutées par rapport à ces positions morales. Dans un deuxième temps, mes interrogations seront portées à son anticonventionnalisme aussi bien qu’à ses considérations concernant les métapréférences, qui sont mis en œuvre pour pouvoir maintenir la responsabilité dans le domaine des prescriptions. Pour terminer, je mettrai en lumière que son épistémologie générale est fondée sur la thèse selon laquelle nous sommes moralement responsables des théories scientifiques aussi bien que des constats empiriques acceptés comme vrais, la responsabilité étant pertinente dans le domaine des descriptions fondées sur l’empirisme. (shrink)

If causalism is a complete theory of what it is to behave intentionally, it also has to account for intentional omissions. Carolina Sartorio, 513–530, 2009) has developed a powerful argument, the Causal Exclusion for Omissions, showing that intentional omissions cannot be explained by causalism. A crucial claim in the argument is that there is a causal competition between a mental omission and the mental action performed instead. In this paper I reject the argument by demonstrating that there is no causal (...) competition ever between an omission and the action performed instead. I propose what I call the Realisationist Conception of Omissions, which consists in considering omissions as multiply realisable absences whose realisers are specific positive actions. I further argue in favour of the Determinationist Conception of Omissions, according to which the relation between omissions and their realisers is a determinable/determinate relation. Since there can be no causal preemption between a determinable and its determinates, there can be no causal preemption between omissions and the actions performed instead, and causalism is safe. I also show that this view of omissions has some other independent advantages – like for example that of solving the problem of the spatio-temporal localisation of omissions. (shrink)

El artículo analiza la interpretación que Adorno hace de Kafka en Apuntes sobre Kafka, concentrando la atención en la consideración sobre Kafka como un escritor ilustrado que critica la Ilustración, con el fin de determinar si dicha afirmación es o no coherente con la teoría adorniana. Para esto, se compara la lectura que Adorno y Kafka hacen del episodio del canto de las sirenas de la Odisea y se analizan las diferencias existentes entre las dos interpretaciones. Gracias a ello podemos (...) concluir, parcialmente en contra de Adorno, que Kafka es un crítico de la Ilustración, aunque no es un escritor ilustrado. (shrink)

Este artículo analiza las estrategias de enmascaramiento que Kierkegaard y Kafka adoptaron a lo largo de sus vidas. En primer lugar, se analizan algunos rasgos de la sociedad burguesa y del papel que el escritor tenía en ella. Sucesivamente, se describe la estrategia comunicativa de Kierkegaard y se identifican sus fines; después se hace la misma operación respecto de Kafka. Finalmente, se comparan las dos posturas y se subrayan diferencias y similitudes, para utilizar los resultados como insumos para una breve (...) reflexión sobre el papel de la escritura en la moderna sociedad burguesa. (shrink)

Jeder weiß: Wenn man eine Aussage nur oft genug wiederholt, erscheint sie einem irgendwann wahr. Fast könnte man sagen, diese Feststellung sei selbst schon eine Binsenweisheit; eben etwas, das fortwährend wiederholt wird. Jüngste Entwicklungen dieser iterativen Praxis und ihres Gegenteils erlauben es, eine alte These der Kritischen Theorie zu aktualisieren, die heute gerne als übertrieben gilt: Totalitäre Regime und freiheitliche Demokratie, Nazipropaganda und zeitgenössische „postfaktische“ Ereignisse sind nicht getrennt voneinander zu betrachten.

O presente texto investiga recentes modificações na prática da crítica filosófica. Em sua parte inicial, delineia rapidamente as principais determinações do conceito de crítica, bem como estabelece a ligação entre crítica e crise. Isto é seguido por uma descrição da prática crítica de T.W. Adorno, na qual são apontadas: a) a valorização da leitura micrológica em um contexto de precarização do conceito de totalidade; b) a problematização de uma linearidade temporal por meio da imbricação entre história e natureza; c) a (...) crescente opacidade da linguagem filosófica diante da proximidade de seu objeto. A última parte do texto volta-se para desenvolvimentos recentes da crítica que acentuam as transformações introduzidas por Adorno. Em Derrida, há autonomização do detalhe; em Slavoj Zizek perde-se a diferenciação entre objeto e instrumento de análise; em Deleuze e Guattari, ocorre a dissipação da distância hermenêutica. (shrink)

Este artículo busca establecer un diálogo con la literatura internacional sobre justicia transicional y ofrecer un marco teórico crítico que permita analizar la experiencia reciente en Colombia. Para tal efecto, en la primera parte del artículo sostengo que la idea de justicia transicional es una construcción discursiva relativamente reciente en el escenario político y académico internacional, pero que, a su vez, ha experimentado diferentes momentos y transformaciones. En la segunda parte, el artículo ofrece un marco teórico que permita reflexionar sobre (...) la construcción de sentidos democráticos sobre la justicia transicional y los derechos de las víctimas en un escenario complejo como el colombiano. En tal sentido, con base en la perspectiva de campos sociales expuesta por Pierre Bourdieu (1992), sostengo que la justicia transicional es un espacio de confrontación y lucha entre sujetos sociales que cuentan con distintos acumulados de poder. Así mismo, me baso en perspectivas críticas en materia de derechos humanos y justicia transicional para resaltar la relevancia de sujetos sociales, como los movimientos sociales y las redes de derechos humanos, en la construcción de una justicia transicional “desde abajo”. (shrink)

Se pretende mostrar la influencia de Cervantes en Freud. Preocupado por los trastornos psíquicos y decepcionado por los métodos que la psiquiatría de su tiempo manejaba, Freud mostró gran interés por las obras de Cervantes, principalmente por El coloquio de los perros y por El Quijote, en las que los temas de la realidad y de la ilusión, y de la relación entre cordura y locura son sus respectivos ejes centrales. Una de las posibles lecturas de la magistral obra cervantina (...) es la que lleva a desdibujar los límites entre razón y sinrazón, hasta encontrar incluso «la razón de la sinrazón», lo que nos haría ésta comprensible y explicable. Fantasía... (Ver más) realizada, realidad fantaseada, pocas cosas preocuparon más a Freud que hacer el deslinde entre ambas. Freud no es simple abogado de lo irracional, sino que trata de encontrar también «la razón de la sinrazón» que los neuróticos expresan en sus síntomas, los cuales pretendió explicar hasta en sus más mínimos detalles. (shrink)

This article analyses the concept of people in language, as a collective identity and as a subject of political representation in the crisis of the Hispanic monarchy from 1808 and throughout the constituent process that culminated in the promulgation of the Constitution of 1812. Based on the discursive uses of pueblo in chronicles, essays on political philosophy, press articles and parliamentary speeches, it points out the relevance of the semantics of pueblo in the political language of the time until its (...) displacement by that of nation. This semantic shift is related to the problems of constitutional engineering derived from the crisis of the privileged nobility in the context of the Napoleonic invasion. The view reinterprets the urban juntas of 1808 by stressing changes in the foundations of sovereignty, and puts into question the conventional characterisation from social history. It also traces the persistence of a rhetoric about the people in the wake of the Cadiz Constitution. Finally, the proposal claims the need to recover the category of people for the narrative of contemporary history. (shrink)

Traducción española de la cuestión 4 del articulo 32 de la Suma (Cuestiones ordinarias) de Enrique de Gante (t 1293), el lugar más importante en su obra referente a su posición respecto a la doctrina de los atributos divinos de Maimónides.